In addition, three regiments of Native Americans, the Indian Home Guard, fought for the Union in the western theater of the war. By the end of the war, 178,975 enlisted men served in the U.S. But throughout the conflict, blacks contributed in other capacities, such as constructing entrenchments or performing camp duty or other labor for both the Union and Confederate forces. War Department established the Bureau of Colored Troops, black men were not eligible to serve as soldiers in the Union Army. Soldier demographics for the Confederate Army are not available due to incomplete and destroyed enlistment records.īefore May 22, 1863, when the U.S. According to the National Park Service, the 2,672,341 enlistments for the Union Army consisted of:Įstimates of enlistment strength for the Confederate Army range from 750,000 to 1,227,890. In both armies, the vast majority of Civil War soldiers were white. Soldiers ranged in age from 18 to 45, with most being under 30 young boys enlisted as buglers and some older men joined as privates. About half of the volunteers on both sides had been farmers before joining the Army, with the remainder coming from a wide variety of occupations and backgrounds. Over 2.8 million men (and a few hundred women) served in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War, primarily in "Volunteer" Army units.
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